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              <text>This study investigates the implications of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CB DCs) for financial systems, focusing on their impact on commercial banking models,  monetary policy, and public adoption, using The Bahamas’ Sand Dollar as a case  study. Employing a mixed-methods approach that integrates theoretical and econo metric modelling with public perception surveys, it provides a comprehensive under standing of CBDC integration in both theory and practice. The analysis assesses how  CBDCs influence bank liquidity, lending behaviour, and the coexistence of stablecoins  while capturing public awareness and acceptance levels. Findings reveal that although  CBDCs enhance payment efficiency, financial inclusion, and cross-border transaction  capabilities, they simultaneously challenge traditional banking intermediation and raise  concerns about privacy and cybersecurity. Insights drawn from The Bahamas’ early  adoption experience demonstrate the importance of public trust, technological readi ness, and regulatory clarity in shaping outcomes. Overall, this research offers evidence based guidance for policymakers and financial institutions, contributing to global dis cussions on CBDC design, financial stability, and the balance between centralised and  decentralised digital assets.</text>
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              <text>This study investigates housing inequality in Barcelona through a comparative case study of two sharply contrasting neighbourhoods: Sarrià-Sant Gervasi, one of the city’s wealthiest districts, and Nou Barris, among its most deprived. The research combines structured surveys on housing and environmental quality with in-depth resident interviews. Findings reveal significant disparities in housing conditions, affordability, and infrastructure, with Nou Barris residents experiencing substandard living environments and heightened insecurity. In contrast, Sarrià residents benefit from well-maintained, spacious homes and long-term stability. The study highlights how housing inequality in Barcelona is not just material but felt by residents, shaping wellbeing, opportunity, and the right to remain in the city. Policy recommendations include targeted investment in public housing, rent regulation, and equitable urban planning that centres the needs of vulnerable communities.</text>
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              <text>This research focuses on four economies: Mauritius, the United Kingdom (UK), the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and China. With their distinct economic model, these four strategically chosen countries encompass four distinct perspectives to tackle climate change. This research thus aims to highlight the importance of tailoring environmental policies according to the different countries’ context. It will investigate the conditions that have induced the implementation of such policies and provide context-based ideas for policymakers to leverage these policy benefits for a more sustainable economy.</text>
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              <text>Carbon pricing has gained prominence as a policy to reduce carbon emissions across the world, with 80 carbon pricing instruments currently being implemented. Despite its benefits, scholars and policymakers remain sceptical about the benefits of carbon taxes to the broader economy, particularly their effects on international competitiveness. This study aims to answer the question: “How has Norway’s carbon tax affected its export competitiveness?” We attempt to draw a causal inference using the Synthetic Difference-in-Differences (SDID) method, leveraging Norway’s status as an early adopter of the carbon tax. Our use of this relatively new identification strategy contributes to the literature by improving internal validity. We use national-level data on the export-to-GDP ratio of 23 OECD and European countries from 1980 to 2004 to calculate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). </text>
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              <text>Rural India continues to grapple with high school dropout rates despite decades of expanding school access. National statistics show that dropout rates climb dramatically at higher grade levels. While the primary‑school dropout rate is roughly 1.5%, the secondary dropout rate exceeds 12% and rises to around 17% in the latest UDISE+ data (Education Department, 2021; Education Department, 2020). The problem is multidimensional: poverty, distance to school, gender‑specific challenges such as menstruation, and the quality of school facilities all influence whether a child completes school. The following research project investigated how targeted donations (computers, tables, cameras, cycles, sanitary pads and similar resources) and school‑level facilities influence student attendance, retention, learning enjoyment, etc. in two rural schools in Maharashtra. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining surveys of 174 students and teachers with qualitative conversations with headmasters to understand local conditions and perceptions. Key findings show that school facilities have a multi-dimensional impact on students’ educational experiences. Improvements to sanitation and menstrual hygiene facilities most strongly enhanced attendance and wellbeing among girls, while bicycles reduced the strain of long commutes. Upgraded classrooms, libraries, and computer access improved motivation, enjoyment, and engagement across all grades, and students also perceived better-equipped environments as strengthening teaching quality and community participation. Overall, the findings demonstrate that donor-supported facilities complement government schemes by addressing both material and social barriers to schooling. Sustained investment in sanitation, transport, and learning infrastructure is therefore essential not only for reducing dropout but also for creating more inclusive and motivating learning environments in rural India.</text>
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              <text>This paper evaluates the forecasting performance of various econometric and machine learning approaches for predicting UK headline Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation. Following the methodology of Stock and Watson (2007), I conduct pseudo-out-of-sample forecasts over multiple horizons (1, 2, and 4 quarters) using a comprehensive set of macroeconomic activity variables. My econometric models include Vector Autoregression (VAR), Vector Error Correction Models (VECM), and traditional benchmarks such as rolling IMA(1,1) and autoregressive models. Machine learning methods encompass Random Forest, XGBoost, Support Vector Regression, and Kernel Ridge Regression algorithms, implemented following the nonlinear framework of Coulombe et al. (2020). To address model uncertainty, I im- plement a hierarchical model combination framework using predictive performance- based weighting schemes that adapt through rolling re-estimation. Results indicate that while traditional econometric benchmarks remain competitive, particularly the rolling IMA(1,1) model, Random Forest demonstrates consistent and statistically significant improvements across all forecast horizons. The VECM approach shows horizon-dependent performance, improving from substantial underperformance at short horizons to near-parity at longer horizons. My findings contribute to under- standing inflation dynamics in the UK context and demonstrate the importance of algorithm selection in machine learning applications to macroeconomic forecasting.</text>
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                <text>Under the supervision of Professor Mark Steel.</text>
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