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              <text>Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and multiscale models are key tools in modern mathematical modelling. They enable us to accu- rately and efficiently analyse real world systems that exhibit randomness and behaviour across different scales of space and time. This review paper ex- plores the foundational physical principles behind them: Brownian motion, which serves as a cornerstone of stochastic analysis, and fluid mechanics, a prominent example of a multiscale system.</text>
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              <text>This research investigates the impact of the CFA franc's fixed exchange rate regime on the export competitiveness of West African Economic and Monetary Union nations. While the CFA franc is recognized for fostering monetary stability and low inflation, there are ongoing concerns that it may lead to an overvaluation of real exchange rates, thereby hindering export expansion. The study contrasts the performance of WAEMU member states specifically Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, Mali, and Burkina Faso with that of non-CFA West African countries, including Ghana, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Particular attention is paid to crucial sectors such as agriculture and textiles, which are significant contributors to regional income and employment. The methodology employed involves a panel data analysis covering the period from 2010 to 2025. This analysis utilizes data on export volumes, real effective exchange rates, and key macroeconomic indicators sourced from databases like UN Comtrade, IMF DOTS, and the World Bank. The quantitative findings are supplemented by qualitative insights derived from interviews and policy reports. The results suggest that WAEMU countries have experienced slower export growth and diminished price competitiveness in comparison to their non-CFA counterparts. The CFA franc appears to have restricted the capacity of WAEMU exporters to adapt to external economic fluctuations, particularly within price-sensitive industries. Concurrently, the stability provided by the CFA franc continues to be valuable for maintaining low inflation rates and fostering investor confidence. The paper advocates for WAEMU policymakers to consider adopting greater exchange rate flexibility or an adjusted peg as part of the proposed Eco currency framework. It also emphasizes that any monetary policy adjustments should be complemented by reforms aimed at enhancing trade and infrastructure. Future research is recommended to incorporate firm-level data and to explore the prevalence of similar dynamics within the Central African Economic and Monetary Community zone.</text>
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                <text>Export Competitiveness under a Fixed Peg: Lessons from the CFA Franc Zone(1994-2025)</text>
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              <text>Illegal small-scale gold mining known as "galamsey" generates multiple serious problems for Ghana's environment and economy and its governance systems. The research investigates how well Ghanaian government institutions perform in solving the issue through academic sources and official documents and practical case studies. The research shows that military crackdowns together with centralized law enforcement have achieved minimal short-term success because corruption and elite control and social exclusion have continued to persist. The study reveals that illegal mining continues because enforcement agencies lack proper collaboration with other agencies and the community remains uninvolved and poverty and unemployment serve as major sustaining factors. The research from Peru demonstrates that police interventions based on enforcement alone face severe limitations. The research shows that state institutions need to develop their abilities through decentralized governance and community-based formalization systems to establish lasting solutions. Ghana will achieve better mining sector governance through the combination of improved accountability systems and local community empowerment and environmental protection and economic growth integration.</text>
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              <text>This essay investigates how everyday decorative ceramics, Spode's 'Indian Sporting' collection in particular, worked as domestic propaganda that normalised the ideologies of empire and romanticised them. Originating from Samuel Howitt's engravings within Thomas Williamson's 'Oriental Field Sports' (1805), Spode's transfer-printed plates transformed colonial hunting imagery into mass-produced household objects to be used daily. Through exoticising landscapes, exaggerating hierarchies and altering the original prints to become spectacles of entertainment, the designs reinforced racial inequality and imperial values while simultaneously presenting the British as heroes for aiding a culture and people that they viewed as 'backward' and untamed. Ultimately, this collection exemplifies how visual culture had political intention and legitimised colonial prospects and authority within the domestic sphere. </text>
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              <text>Purpose – This study examines the suitability of hard versus soft clustering approaches for customer segmentation across distinct business model types. Specifically, it evaluates whether homogeneous marketing treatment implied by K-means is justified in subscription and singular transaction contexts, and whether Fuzzy C-means (FCM) offers a more appropriate representation of behavioural overlap.  Methodology – Using the RFM (Recency–Frequency–Monetary) framework, the study applies both K-means and FCM to two datasets: the Online Retail dataset (transaction model) and the Customer Churn dataset (subscription model). RFM metrics were adapted for subscription contexts to reflect product interactions rather than discrete purchases. Clustering performance was assessed through the silhouette score (K-means) and fuzzy partition coefficient (FCM), following a consistent CRISP-DM process for data preparation, modelling, and evaluation.  Findings – Results indicate a reversal of theoretical expectations. The subscription dataset exhibited considerable behavioural overlap, with weak cluster separation, challenging the assumption of homogeneous treatment. Conversely, the transaction dataset displayed moderately strong partitions, suggesting that standardisation of product attributes may reduce behavioural heterogeneity. These findings highlight that clustering suitability depends not only on business model type but also on contextual factors such as product standardisation and tier design.  Originality – This study is the first to align the selection of hard versus soft clustering methods with business model typologies and to adapt RFM metrics for subscription contexts. By integrating FCM as a diagnostic tool for testing the validity of homogeneous treatment assumptions, it addresses a critical gap in behavioural segmentation research and provides a practical decision framework for guiding clustering choice.</text>
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          <description>Meta tags</description>
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              <text>Customer segmentation, Machine learning, Clustering, Business analytics, Customer behaviour, Business model </text>
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                <text>Warwick Business School</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2025</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Hard vs. Soft Clustering for RFM Segmentation: A Joint Evaluation of Method Suitability Across Singular Transaction and Subscription  Business Models </text>
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                <text>Ying Ting Chan</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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          <name>Abstract</name>
          <description>The abstract of the paper</description>
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              <text>Mapping Women's Suffrage on the Isle of Wight to uncover a forgotten movement.  </text>
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          <name>Meta Tags</name>
          <description>Meta tags</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Suffrage movement, Suffragettes, Local history, Isle of Wight, Mapping, Heritage, Suffragists, History</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Becca Aspden </text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Dr Tara Morton </text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>History </text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Mapping Women's Suffrage on the Isle of Wight </text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2025</text>
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        <src>https://linen-dog.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/3184d58b1b64e18382ffe33eca92a680.pdf</src>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Science, Engineering and Medicine</text>
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      <name>Academic Poster</name>
      <description>An academic poster</description>
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        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Abstract</name>
          <description>The abstract of the paper</description>
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              <text> Terahertz technology holds great promise as a safe tool for skin imaging, with potential applications in diagnostics and cosmetics. The  Picobot is a medical imaging system which operates using terahertz-frequency (THz) EM waves - these waves are non-ionising and can  obtain a sub-millimeter depth resolution. This makes them a suitable method to image skin without exposure concerns while obtaining  high resolution data. The absolute penetration depth of THz light is limited due to its attenuation by water, but this absorption trait  could prove useful for differentiating between healthy and drier regions of biological tissue. These waves can penetrate the topmost  layer of skin, the stratum corneum, and into the epidermis below. The reflected THz signal carries information about the structure and  hydration of the skin. Images of these structures and important characteristic values can then be generated for further analysis.</text>
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          <name>Meta Tags</name>
          <description>Meta tags</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3748">
              <text>Terahertz, Medical Imaging, Skin, Imaging, Medical Physics, THz, Picobot</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Joseph Hilton-Tapp</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Terahertz Medical Imaging</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2025</text>
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        <src>https://linen-dog.lnx.warwick.ac.uk/files/original/bda3fdc960417dc427da2e5b5272f570.pdf</src>
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      <name>Academic Paper</name>
      <description>An academic paper</description>
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          <name>Abstract</name>
          <description>The abstract of the paper</description>
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              <text>The Brown Dwarf Desert, encapsulating the bias of brown dwarf companions towards wide separations (&gt;1000AU), means that transiting brown dwarfs should be rare phenomena. The following study investigates this claim by simulating a model population of all transiting brown dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood using existing expected distributions of brown dwarf properties. Initial results found a significant underdensity of these objects compared to the current numbers detected by TESS as a result of typically wider separations in the model population. Modifying this population with a power-law separation distribution found that an exponent of α&gt;0.405 is necessary for making the model population agree with the TESS data. Likewise, a log-normal distribution requires a mean of μ&lt;0.4 (equivalent to a peak in the distribution &lt;2.5AU) and a standard deviation of 0.6&lt;σ&lt;1.0, yet this must also be combined with an increase in the binary fraction of f&gt;3.7%. This highlights the alarming contradiction between our current understanding of the Brown Dwarf Desert and the number of transiting brown dwarfs that have been discovered, meaning a refinement of separation models is necessary.</text>
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          <name>Meta Tags</name>
          <description>Meta tags</description>
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              <text>brown dwarf, binary systems, Solar neighbourhood, transit, separation, Brown Dwarf Desert</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Physics</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2025</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Brown Dwarf Binaries and the Brown Dwarf Desert</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Callum J. Hodge</text>
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