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              <text>Investigating the socio-cultural dynamics: How do the post-World War II experiences of German Ghanaians influence their integration into German society, and what role does the phenomenon of double consciousness play in shaping the identity of the third generation within the German Ghanaian community? My research is motivated by the story of the generation of Ghanaians who migrated to Germany post WWII and also motivated by a need to understand and demonstrate how these individuals in the diaspora integrated and developed their identities in contemporary society.  </text>
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              <text>Despite its value, historical literature utilising the recently released government correspondence relating to the 1984-85 miners’ strike has been sparse. Sustained attention on how the government managed Media and PR in the strike has been even more limited. This essay seeks to make a novel contribution to the historiography of the strike by highlighting the Thatcher government’s media tactics during the most notorious British industrial dispute in living memory. It will do so by drawing heavily on primary material released in 2014, as well as existing literature on the broader government strategy in 1984-85.</text>
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              <text>Electron scattering can be simulated using the eigenstate (Bloch wave) method. This method, first developed by Hans Bethe in 1928, uses Bloch’s Theorem to solve the Schrödinger equation to find the eigensolutions of the equation.  The computation of this method involves the diagonalisation of a large matrix to get an eigenspectrum matrix of complex amplitudes. &#13;
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              <text>Purpose – This study examines the suitability of hard versus soft clustering approaches for customer segmentation across distinct business model types. Specifically, it evaluates whether homogeneous marketing treatment implied by K-means is justified in subscription and singular transaction contexts, and whether Fuzzy C-means (FCM) offers a more appropriate representation of behavioural overlap.  Methodology – Using the RFM (Recency–Frequency–Monetary) framework, the study applies both K-means and FCM to two datasets: the Online Retail dataset (transaction model) and the Customer Churn dataset (subscription model). RFM metrics were adapted for subscription contexts to reflect product interactions rather than discrete purchases. Clustering performance was assessed through the silhouette score (K-means) and fuzzy partition coefficient (FCM), following a consistent CRISP-DM process for data preparation, modelling, and evaluation.  Findings – Results indicate a reversal of theoretical expectations. The subscription dataset exhibited considerable behavioural overlap, with weak cluster separation, challenging the assumption of homogeneous treatment. Conversely, the transaction dataset displayed moderately strong partitions, suggesting that standardisation of product attributes may reduce behavioural heterogeneity. These findings highlight that clustering suitability depends not only on business model type but also on contextual factors such as product standardisation and tier design.  Originality – This study is the first to align the selection of hard versus soft clustering methods with business model typologies and to adapt RFM metrics for subscription contexts. By integrating FCM as a diagnostic tool for testing the validity of homogeneous treatment assumptions, it addresses a critical gap in behavioural segmentation research and provides a practical decision framework for guiding clustering choice.</text>
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                <text>Hard vs. Soft Clustering for RFM Segmentation: A Joint Evaluation of Method Suitability Across Singular Transaction and Subscription  Business Models </text>
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              <text>The bio-cementation of sands and other porous media using microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is of particular interest in various geotechnical applications. The microbial production of carbonates by the breakdown of urea using the urease biochemical pathway results in production of carbonate minerals which means the grains become cemented together giving the material improved compressive strength, shear strength, and stiffness and thus reducing the risk of erosion and failure. The engineering geology and geomicrobiology groups at the British Geological Survey are involved in research into role of bioprecipitation of minerals to mitigate geohazards, which includes work on slope stability, coastal erosion and heritage conservation.   </text>
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              <text>Emerging evidence suggests a significant bidirectional interaction between the gastrointestinal system and the central nervous system, known as the gut–brain axis. This systematic review evaluates whether probiotics can serve as an alternative or adjunctive treatment for clinical depression through modulation of the gut microbiota. Current literature indicates that specific probiotic strains may influence neurotransmitter production, reduce systemic inflammation and improve gut barrier integrity. These mechanisms have been found to be implicated in depressive pathology. While several clinical trials demonstrate modest but promising antidepressant effects, heterogeneity in probiotic formulations, study durations and patient populations limit definitive conclusions. Overall, probiotic therapy represents a potential low-risk intervention with biological plausibility, but further high-quality, standardised trials are needed to determine efficacy, optimal strains and dosage for depressive disorders.</text>
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